API standard 650 welded storage tanks flush-type shell connections

Oil, Gas, Chemical, Water, and Bio-Fuel storage. Maximum of the most common welded steel tanks used in industry are designed following API 650. Tanks typically found in Refinery API standard 650 welded storage tanks tank farms, Terminals, Pipelines, and other process facilities use these tanks.

Cylindrical Oil Storage Tanks Discharge Pipes
When a discharge pipe is used on the outlet side of such relieving devices, its area shall be not less than the area of the valve outlet, or if a single pipe provides for discharge from several relief devices, its area shall be not less than the aggregate area of the valve outlets. The API standard 650 welded storage tanks discharge pipe shall be fitted with an open drain to prevent water or other liquids from lodging in the discharge side of the valves.
Discharge pipes shall be supported so that no undue stress is placed on the valve body. Open discharges shall be placed and oriented so that the outflow is directed away from the tank and will not create a hazard over walkways, stairways, or operating platforms.

Static storage loss is also known as "small breathing" consumption. The rise and fall of the temperature in the API standard 650 welded storage tanks leads to the increase and decrease of the pressure in the tank, which makes the mixed oil gas discharged from the tank, and the external air is sucked into the tank, resulting in the oil consumption. Fluid level loss is also called "big breathing" loss. It is the oil consumption caused by the change of gas space volume in the API standard 650 welded storage tanks during the oil receiving and sending operation, which causes the mixed oil gas to be discharged out of the tank, and the external air is sucked into the tank, resulting in the oil consumption due to the change of liquid level height.

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