ASTM A737 plates API 650 liquid storage tanks

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Static storage loss is also known as "small breathing" consumption. The rise and fall of the temperature in the API 650 liquid storage tanks leads to the increase and decrease of the pressure in the tank, which makes the mixed oil gas discharged from the tank, and the external air is sucked into the tank, resulting in the oil consumption. Fluid level loss is also called "big breathing" loss. It is the oil consumption caused by the change of gas space volume in the API 650 liquid storage tanks during the oil receiving and sending operation, which causes the mixed oil gas to be discharged out of the tank, and the external air is sucked into the tank, resulting in the oil consumption due to the change of liquid level height.

Design of a Double-wall Tank
The outer bottom, shell, and roof of a double-wall tank shall enclose an insulating space around the bottom, shell, and roof or insulation deck of the inner tank that contains the stored liquid. The annular space shall be maintained at a low positive pressure, which necessitates that the enclosure be vapor-tight. The Purchaser shall specify the design metal temperature and pressure of the inner tank and may specify the design temperature and pressure of the outer tank API 650 liquid storage tanks. The Purchaser shall state the specific gravity of the content to be stored, roof live loads, wind load, earthquake load where applicable, and corrosion allowance, if any.