Quality inspection of API 650 flat-bottom steel tanks

Treatment of API 650 flat-bottom steel tanks welding defects:
1. Lack of fusion: once found, it should be shoveled and grinded off before re welding.
2. Incomplete penetration: over standard defects shall be removed and re welded. When welding on both sides, the shallow side of the groove can be grinded and shoveled to expose the welding root on one side, and then the welding is repaired.
3. Slag inclusion: over standard defects shall be removed and re welded.
4. Crater: weld to full after grinding.
5. Air hole: if the internal air hole exceeds the standard, it shall be welded again after being removed by grinding shovel, and the surface air hole shall be removed by grinding wheel and then repaired.

Aftershock Level Earthquake (ALE)
This design case shall be applicable only when regulations or project documents specifically require the tank system to be designed or evaluated for aftershocks.
If the outer tank is not designed as a secondary containment (i.e. it serves as vapor barrier and pressure boundary only and is not constructed of API 620 material suitable for the inner tank API 650 flat-bottom steel tanks), then no design or evaluation for ALE is required by these provisions for the inner or outer tank.

According to API 650 tanks, anchoring devices should be designed to transfer overturning moments to the API 650 flat-bottom steel tanks tank foundation. At the same time, according to API 650 tank Appendix F, when the tank is to be anchored, the size of the anchoring parts is determined by the maximum lifting force caused by the internal pressure and wind load or the combination of internal pressure and seismic load.

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