API Std 650 vertical welded storage tanks testing of the roof

Material for the outer tank API Std 650 vertical welded storage tanks and for the roof that contains the vaporized liquefied gas but is primarily subjected to atmospheric temperatures may conform to one of the following:
a)Table 4-1 for design metal temperatures down to –35°F (lowest 1-day mean ambient temperature of–35°F) without impact test unless they are required by Table 4-1 or by the Purchaser.
b)Table R-3 for design metal temperatures down to –60°F without impact tests unless they are required by Table R-4 or by the Purchaser.

Under the action of the earthquake, API 650 storage tank is mainly damaged by the phenomenon of the lower part of the API Std 650 vertical welded storage tanks tank wall. Therefore, the key point of seismic calculation is to prevent the tank wall from buckling under axial pressure.

Due to the volatility of oil products, the volatile consumption of oil products is inevitable in the storage process of large oil storage tanks such as API Std 650 vertical welded storage tanks. The volatilization of oil causes economic losses and pollution to the environment. Especially in the open air environment, large-scale oil storage tanks in the petrochemical industry will continue to accumulate energy when exposed to the sun, causing their surface and interior to heat up rapidly, causing sun overheating, and accelerating the volatilization of oil. How to effectively reduce the volatile consumption of large oil storage tanks?