API 650 carbon and low-alloy steel tanks seismic design factors
One of the most widely used design codes is the API 650 Standard, from the American Petroleum Institute. The main objective of this standards API 650 carbon and low-alloy steel tanks is, through the requirements contained in its various sections, to facilitate the purchase and construction of vertical, aboveground, welded fabricated tanks assuring that required safety regulations are met.
When the API 650 carbon and low-alloy steel tanks top shell course is the minimum thickness indicated in 5.10.4, Table 5-6 and Figure 5-6, details a – e, h and i, the minimum anchorage shall be designed for normal loads as specified by the Purchaser and by this standard. See 5.11.2.3 for the allowable stress. When the top shell course is thickened beyond the minimum thickness provided in Table 5-6 or as in Figure 5-6, details f and g, or a knuckle is used, the minimum anchorage shall be designed for three times the internal design pressure. The allowable stress for this loading is 90% of the minimum specified yield strength of anchorage material.
Static storage loss is also known as "small breathing" consumption. The rise and fall of the temperature in the API 650 carbon and low-alloy steel tanks leads to the increase and decrease of the pressure in the tank, which makes the mixed oil gas discharged from the tank, and the external air is sucked into the tank, resulting in the oil consumption. Fluid level loss is also called "big breathing" loss. It is the oil consumption caused by the change of gas space volume in the API 650 carbon and low-alloy steel tanks during the oil receiving and sending operation, which causes the mixed oil gas to be discharged out of the tank, and the external air is sucked into the tank, resulting in the oil consumption due to the change of liquid level height.
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