Simplified design requirements for API standard 650 flat-bottom oil storage tanks

Oil, Gas, Chemical, Water, and Bio-Fuel storage. Maximum of the most common welded steel tanks used in industry are designed following API 650. Tanks typically found in Refinery API standard 650 flat-bottom oil storage tanks tank farms, Terminals, Pipelines, and other process facilities use these tanks.

Compared with the external floating roof API standard 650 flat-bottom oil storage tanks, the internal floating roof API standard 650 flat-bottom oil storage tanks has the advantages of protecting the floating roof from wind and rain and ensuring the quality of liquid storage under the floating roof. At the same time, because the inner floating plate is in the tank, there is no rain and snow load, so the central drainage pipe and escalator and other accessories on the floating plate can be omitted. In addition, under the same sealing conditions, the internal floating roof tank can further reduce the evaporation loss compared with the External floating roof tank.

API 620 Tank Design
The designer of these large tanks API standard 650 flat-bottom oil storage tanks shall supply the data on superimposed loadings to be assumed for the foundation design or, if there are no foundations, for direct loading on the subgrade. A slab or mat may be provided to support the superstructure and shall be considered to distribute the load more evenly over a lower natural subgrade compared with merely stripping, leveling, and rolling the existing grade.
For simple spheroids or tanks of similar design, in which the distribution of the imposed weights shifts because the liquid level in combination with the vapor pressure may change the shape of the tank, the designer shall consider the possibility of such a change.

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