66m diameter API Std 650 closed top welded storage tanks
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The main reason of "small breathing" loss of API Std 650 closed top welded storage tanks is the change of atmospheric temperature. When the temperature rises with the increase of solar radiation from dawn, the temperature of oil in the API Std 650 closed top welded storage tanks also changes, resulting in the acceleration of evaporation speed and the increase of evaporation pressure. When the pressure exceeds the positive pressure rating of the breathing valve, the oil-gas mixture in the API Std 650 closed top welded storage tanks is discharged into the atmosphere through the breathing valve, which is the "exhalation" process of the oil tank.
Preheat TreatmentMany laboratory tests have shown preheat treatment of carbon steel to 300°F-400°F to be the equivalent of the post-heat treatment at no less than 1100°F insofar as the physical properties of the weldment are concerned.40,41 Some tests have indicated a slight advantage of the post-heat treatment. Most of the tests have been made on plates 3/4 in. - 1 in. thick; results must be viewed with caution if preheating is applied appreciably beyond this thickness range. However, for all practical purposes, improvement resulting from preheating is sufficiently well established so that preheat should be considered for field fabrication of API 620 crude oil tank plates over 3/4-in. thick whenever toughness of the tank API Std 650 closed top welded storage tanks is highly desired and the thermal post-heat treatment is impractical.